Piano Tuning

Get your piano sounding great.

If your piano sounds out of tune or flat, there’s a good chance it’s due for a service. Pianos gradually drift out of tune for a few reasons, mainly seasonal changes in temperature and humidity, the natural loosening of string tension over time, and how often the piano is played. Tuning at least once a year keeps the pitch stable, stops it slipping flat, and keeps your piano sounding its best for maximum enjoyment when playing.

Pianos are tuned by adjusting the pitch of the strings. There are usually three strings per note, with two in the high bass and a single string per note in the low bass. This means there are over 200 strings in an average piano. Each of these strings has to be tuned to a precise pitch: in unison with the other strings in the note and in a relative pitch relationship to the other notes (an octave, fifth, etc.). This is called equal temperament.

Piano tuning is achieved by finely turning the tuning pins that the strings are attached to with a tuning lever. As there are many strings, this can take a fair amount of time. Because the adjustment is so minute, and the tension on piano strings is very high (several tons across the entire piano), tuning a piano is a challenging skill that takes many years of training and patience to master.

Piano Tuning FAQs:

How much does a piano tuning cost?

The rates page has all prices, including for a standard piano tuning.

How often should my piano be tuned?

At least once a year; 2-3 times a year if you are a musician or frequent player, and regularly for a recording studio or concert hall.

How long does a typical piano tuning take?

A standard tuning usually takes about an hour. A pitch raise & tuning can take up to two hours.

Why do pianos need to be tuned?

Mainly because the strings gradually lose tension over time, causing them to go flat. But also because seasonal temperature and humidity changes affect the wood and metal parts of the piano. How often the piano is played will also affect how regularly a piano should be tuned.

Tuning of a Steinway B Grand Piano
Tuning a Steinway Model B Grand Piano
Close Up Of Tuning of a Steinway D Concert Grand Piano
Fine-tuning a Steinway D Concert Grand Piano

Servicing

Is your piano feeling uneven and hard to play?

If your piano feels sluggish, spongy, uneven, or has issues such as bouncing hammers or ringing dampers, there’s a good chance it needs servicing. Pianos contain thousands of mechanical moving parts which, over time, begin to fall out of sync with one another. These parts are located in the piano action - the ‘engine’ of the piano.

Servicing the piano’s action is called regulation. This involves adjusting the various components so they interact correctly, with the goal of achieving an even and responsive touch throughout the keyboard. Adjustments include aftertouch, let-off, key dip, keyboard alignment, lubrication of action centres, and much more. Depending on the age and condition of the piano, a service might be heavily regulating parts that have fallen out of sync over decades, or very fine concert-level servicing and voicing to unleash the highest level of performance out of the piano.

A well-maintained piano should be serviced every few years. Proper regulation can transform how a piano feels to play, significantly improving control, consistency, and overall enjoyment for the pianist. Minor adjustments and small repairs are included with any service I offer, while full regulation is available as part of the half-day and full-day service packages.

Servicing FAQs:

How much does a piano service cost?

The rates page has all prices, including for half day and full day piano services.

Why does a piano need to be serviced?

I often compare piano servicing to cars. If a piano is serviced periodically, the likelihood of everything working correctly is much higher than if it is neglected. Just like a car, pianos are more likely to suffer from faults that affect performance if not serviced, that can build up over time, and cost more money in the long run. Plus, a piano that feels and sounds in great shape is far more enjoyable to play.

How often should a piano be serviced?

It depends on how often it is played. A concert grand piano will often be serviced three times a year, but a semi-pro pianist might have their piano serviced every 3-4 years.

What does servicing include?

Depending on the service, this will include repairs of broken parts, action & keyboard regulation, piano tuning, and voicing.

Steinway B Piano Action Regulation
Regulating a Steinway Model B action
Boston Upright Piano Action Regulation
Servicing a Boston upright piano action

Repairs

Is something broken or not right with your piano?

Pianos are made up of thousands of moving parts, so it is natural for some components to become worn, damaged, or broken over time. Common repairs I regularly carry out include sticking keys, broken strings, worn or damaged hammers, cracked key ivories, ringing dampers, squeaking pedals, and loose or missing action parts. These, along with other mechanical issues that develop over the life of a piano, mean that most faults can be repaired effectively.

In many cases, these issues can be resolved within the same visit, restoring the piano’s reliability and playability. More complex repairs, such as broken bass strings or missing action components, may require specialist replacement parts to be sourced and fitted. However, the majority of problems reported by customers are straightforward to address, allowing the instrument to be back in proper working order as quickly as possible.

Repair FAQs:

Why do piano parts break?

Like any complex machine, pianos require maintenance to keep working properly. Over many years and decades, some of these parts will inevitably break and need replacing. It is normal in older pianos for this to happen, but regular tuning and servicing can delay the onset of this.

What sort of repairs need fixing on pianos

The most common repairs are broken/missing hammers, strings, keys, and dampers; squeaks, rattles, buzzes, and other noises; and sticking keys, loose keytops, and other mechanical issues.

The pedal is squeaking on my piano, can you fix it?

Almost certainly yes. Squeaking pedals and action parts usually just need lubricating or moving slightly to alleviate the problem.

Why is one of my piano keys sticking?

A sticking key can be caused by several factors, including humidity changes, dirt or debris under the keys, tight felt bushings, or minor misalignment. Even small objects such as coins, dust, or paper can become lodged inside the action and restrict movement of the key.

Boston Upright Piano Action Repair
Repairing a part in a Steinway piano action
Steinway B Piano Action Repair
Repairing an action part of an older upright piano

Voicing

Unleash the sound of your piano.

Once a piano is finely tuned and regulated, attention can be turned to shaping the tone. The sound of a piano is produced by compressed felt hammers striking the strings. Over time these hammers develop grooves which change the shape of the hammer. This often causes the piano to become less bright or duller, and sound uneven note to note. Correcting and refining this tonal character is known as voicing (or sometimes toning).

Voicing allows the sustain, brightness, colour, and harshness of the piano to be carefully adjusted to suit both the instrument and the player. Through precise hammer filing, string leveling, needling, and subtle tonal adjustments; the character of the sound can be balanced so that the piano speaks more evenly from note to note. This can greatly improve dynamic control, clarity, and overall musical responsiveness. For advanced pianists, this is a must.

To bring out the very best tone your piano can offer, voicing is typically the final stage of the servicing process, following tuning and regulation. When carried out correctly, it can unleash the quality of the instrument, making it more expressive, refined, and enjoyable to play.

Voicing FAQs:

Is voicing the same as tuning?

Not exactly. Tuning adjusts the pitch of the strings, whereas voicing adjusts the tonal character of the piano. A piano can be perfectly in tune but still sound harsh, dull, or uneven if the hammers require voicing. But a piano does need to be in good tuning in order to voice properly, so the two are linked.

My piano sounds really dull, can you make it brighter?

Usually yes. Over time, hammers become worn and develop deep grooves which can soften the tone. By lightly filing the hammers, leveling them to the strings, and needling the felt, the proper tone of the piano can be restored.

My piano is super bright, and unenjoyable to play. Can you make it softer?

Also yes. Certain brands (such as Yamaha and Kawai) and newer pianos tend to have a brighter tone. Needling the hammers can certainly help bring down the brightness and sometimes harshness that can come with these types of piano.

Does the room a piano is in affect the voicing?

Absolutely yes. In fact, sometimes moving the piano around the same room or stage can change the tone significantly. In a living room or studio, soft furnishings and carpets can help with brightness, and harder surfaces can help with dullness. I'm happy to advise on this when doing a tuning session.

Voicing Steinway B Piano Hammers
Voicing Steinway B piano hammers
Voicing Steinway B Piano Hammers
Needling hammers to carefully balance tone

Pitch Raise

Is your piano really out of tune and flat?

A piano should be tuned regularly, ideally at least once a year. If a piano has not been tuned for several years, it will usually be both flat and out of tune with itself. This can make playing with other musicians, singers, or recordings quite frustrating. Over time, piano strings gradually lose tension and very slightly unwind, causing the pitch to drop.

The solution is to bring the piano back to its original pitch. In brief, two tunings are often required: the first to raise the pitch back to concert pitch (A440), and the second to fine-tune and stabilise the tuning. In cases where the piano is more than a semitone flat, a third stabilisation tuning may be necessary. These tunings are carried out consecutively to allow the tension across the piano to settle properly.

Pitch raising takes additional time, but it solves two problems at once: the piano being flat, and being out of tune. Where required, pitch raising is included in my services except for the standard piano tuning.

Pitch Raise FAQs

My piano hasn't been tuned in many years, can it be fixed?

Usually, but it does depend. If the piano is a good quality instrument that isn't extremely old, then there's a good chance that it will survive a pitch raise. However very old pianos likely have corrosion, mildew/mould, and other issues that can cause problems when attempting a pitch raise. Usually this can result in broken strings, which can be time consuming and expensive to fix if there are many. I can always take a look at the piano and advise from there.

The piano is not holding its tuning, can you help?

This could be for several reasons, but the main cause is probably the tuning pins are too loose. Unfortunately, tuning and pitch raising alone won't solve this. The piano will likely need new tuning pins and possibly new strings in the affected area.

Does raising the pitch risk breaking strings?

It does yes. Especially in older pianos, the flatter they are the higher the risk there is of strings breaking due to corrosion and rust. This is more of a problem for bass strings where they have to be custom ordered as the scale for each piano make and model is slightly different. All this is partly why we recommend having pianos tuned regularly.

Pitch Raising A Boston Upright Piano
Pitch Raising a Boston Upright Piano
Pitch Raising A Boston Upright Piano
Restoring tension across the piano frame

Valuations & Assessments

I want to buy or sell a piano, how much is it worth?

If you are thinking of buying or selling a piano, it is well worth having it valued by a professional. Many people judge a piano primarily by its cosmetic appearance, but this forms only a small part of the instrument’s true overall value. A proper valuation takes into account the condition of the action, strings, soundboard, tuning stability, structural integrity, and general level of maintenance, all of which significantly affect both performance and market value.

I provide a detailed inspection report covering the strings, action, soundboard, pedals, plate, and other key mechanical and structural components of the instrument, along with an informed estimate of its current value. This allows buyers and sellers to make realistic decisions based on the piano’s musical condition, not just its external appearance.

Valuations can be provided for insurance, probate, sales, and other financial purposes. While the true value of a piano ultimately lies in how it plays and sounds, accurate pricing is essential, particularly for higher-value instruments or those being restored, insured, or professionally used.

Valuation FAQs:

Are old pianos worth any money?

It really depends, mostly on the type of piano. High end grand pianos like Steinway & Sons and Bösendorfer tend to hold value, but many mid-range makes do not. It also depends far more on a piano's condition, brand, and playability than its age alone. Many older pianos, particularly mass-produced uprights, are unfortunately not worth anything anymore.

Is it worth getting a piano for free?

Usually not. If you mean an older upright off Facebook Marketplace or somewhere similar then I highly recommend avoiding them. Pianos are usually free for a reason, and one way or another they will cost you money. However if you know someone who is giving you a free Steinway then it might be worth taking!

Inspection and Valuation of a Steinway D Grand Piano
Inspecting a Steinway Model D Concert Grand Piano
Inspection and Valuation of a Steinway D Grand Piano
Detailed mechanical assessment for valuation

Cleaning & Cosmetics

Get your piano looking its best.

Over time, pianos naturally lose the clean finish and appearance they had when first purchased. Dust, marks, and debris can accumulate, particularly inside uprights and under the strings on grand pianos. Foreign objects can also find their way inside the instrument, such as pencils, sometimes affecting both playability and performance. This is especially common in family homes with children.

A full cleaning involves carefully vacuuming the interior, removing marks and stains from keys, wiping the exterior surfaces, and removing dust from hard-to-reach areas such as the soundboard and underneath the keyboard.

More intensive French polishing can also be undertaken to reduce the appearance of scratches, chips, stains, and wear to the cabinet or case. I use a specialist for this service. Please get in touch for further details.

Cleaning FAQs:

Can you clean underneath the strings on my grand piano?

Yes! I have a cleaning tool that allows me to get into hard to reach places such as this and clean almost every part of either grand or upright pianos.

The Cleaned Plate Of A Steinway D Grand Piano
The cleaned cast iron plate of a Steinway Model D